Karakura Town is a town in Tokyo where Ichigo, Inoue, Chad, and Ishida live. For the most part its a nice and peaceful place with areas that resemble today's suburbs and cities. The trouble usually appears when Hollows, and other supernatural beings appear.
The Urahara Shop is owned by Kisuke Urahara and sells various items from Soul Society. It usually serves as a base for the protagonists of Bleach. Ichigo and his allies usually come here to train or discuss plans on how to defeat an enemy